Poaceae

Poaceae
Garia (Triticum) Irudi gehiago
Sailkapen zientifikoa
Erreinua	Plantae
Ordena	Poales
Familia	Poaceae (R.Br.) Barnhart
Datu orokorrak
Gizakiak ateratzen dizkion produktuak	grass (en) , belar ondu, ale eta Zereal

Poaceae edo gramineak landare loredunen familia bat da. Landare belarkarak dira, urteko zikloa dutenak. Zurtoina lastozkoa da, oinaldetik zurtoina besarkatzen duten hosto luze, estu eta txandakatuak, buruxkatan bildutako loreak eta kariopsi-motako fruituak dituzte.

Bere baitan garia, artoa, arroza, banbua eta abar daude.

Azpifamiliak eta leinuak

Poaceaek 12 subfamilia ditu.^[1][2] Leinuak ere:^[3]

• Anomochlooideae
  • Anomochloeae
  • Streptochaeteae
• Aristidoideae
  • Aristideae
• Arundinoideae
  • Arundineae
• Bambusoideae
  • Bambuseae
  • Olyreae
• Centothecoideae
  • Centotheceae
  • Thysanolaeneae
• Chloridoideae
  • Cynodonteae
  • Eragrostideae
  • Leptureae
  • Orcuttieae
  • Pappophoreae

• Danthonioideae
  • Danthonieae
• Ehrhartoideae
  • Ehrharteae
  • Oryzeae
  • Phyllorachideae
  • Streptogyneae
• Panicoideae
  • Andropogoneae
  • Arundinelleae
  • Gynerieae
  • Hubbardieae
  • Isachneae
  • Paniceae
  • Steyermarkochloeae
• Pharoideae
  • Phareae

• Pooideae
  • Ampelodesmeae
  • Aveneae
  • Brachyelytreae
  • Brachypodieae
  • Bromeae
  • Brylkinieae
  • Diarrheneae
  • Hainardieae
  • Lygeeae
  • Meliceae
  • Nardeae
  • Phaenospermatideae
  • Poeae
  • Stipeae
  • Triticeae
• Puelioideae
  • Guaduelleae
  • Puelieae
• (incertae sedis)
  • Eriachneae
  • Micraireae

Generoak

Poaceaek 700 genero eta 11.000 espezie ditu (2006an).^[4]

• Acamptoclados, Achaeta, Achlaena, Achnodon, Achnodonton, Achnatherum, Achmatherum, Achneria, Achyrodes, Aciachne, Acicarpa, Acidosasa, Acostia, Acrachne, Acratherum, Acritochaete, Acroceras, Actinochloa, Actinocladum , Aegialina, Aegilopodes, Aegilops, Aegopogon, Aeluropus, Afrotrichloris, Agenium, Agnesia, Agraulus, Agrestis, Agriopyrum, Agropogon, Agropyron, Agropyropsis, Agrosticula, Agrostis, Agrostomia, Aira, Airella, Airidium, Airochloa, Airopsis, Alexfloydia, Alloeochaete, Allolepis, Alloteropsis , Alopecurus, Alvimia, Amblyopyrum, Ammochloa, Ammophila, Ampelodesmos, Amphibromus, Amphicarpum, Amphipogon, Anadelphia, Ancistrachne, Ancistragrostis, Andropogon, Andropterum, Anemanthele, Aniselytron, Anomochloa, Anthaenantiopsis, Anthenantia, Anthephora, Anthochloa, Anthoxanthum, Antinoria, Apera, Aphanelytrum, Apluda, Apochiton, Apoclada, Apocopis, Apogonia, Arberella, Arctagrostis, Arctophila, Aristida, Arrhenatherum, Arthragrostis, Arthraxon, Arthropogon, Arthrostylidium, Arundarbor, Arundinaria: "bambú", Arundinella, Arundo, Arundoclaytonia, Atheropogon, Atropis, Aulaxanthus, Aulonemia, Australopyrum, Austrochloris, Austrodanthonia, Austrofestuca, Austrostipa, Avellinia, Avena, Avenula, Axonopus.

• Bambusa, Baptorhachis, Bealia, Beckeropsis, Beckmannia, Beckera, Bellardiochloa, Bellardiochloa, Berghausia, Bewsia, Bhidea, Blepharidachne, Blepharoneuron, Boissiera, Boivinella, Borinda, Bothriochloa, Bouteloua, Brachiaria, Brachyachne, Brachychloa, Brachyelytrum, Brachypodium, Briza, Brizopyrum, Bromidium, Bromuniola, Bromus, Brylkinia, Buchloë, Buchlomimus, Buergersiochloa

• Calamogrostis, Calamovilfa, Calderonella, Calosteca,Calotheca, Calyptochloa, Campulosus, Camusiella, Capillipedium, Caryochloa, Castellia, Catabrosa, Catabrosella, Catalepis, Catapodium, Cathestecum, Cenchrus, Centotheca, Centrochloa, Centropodia, Cephalostachyum, Chaboissaea, Chaetium, Chaetobromus, Chaetochloa, Chaetopoa, Chaetopogon, Chaetostichium, Chamaeraphis, Chandrasekharania, Chasechloa, Chasmanthium, Chasmopodium, Chevalierella, Chikusichloa, Chimonobambusa, Chionachne, Chionochloa, Chloachne, Chloris, Chlorocalymma, Chondrosium, Chrysochloa, Chrysopogon, Chumsriella, Chusquea, Cinna, Cladoraphis, Clausospicula, Cleistachne, Cleistochloa, Cliffordiochloa, Clinelymus, Cockaynea, Coelachne, Coelachyropsis, Coelachyrum, Coelorachis, Coix, Colanthelia, Coleanthus, Colpodium, Commelinidium, Cornucopiae, Cortaderia, Corynephorus, Cottea, Craspedorhachis, Crinipes, Crithopsis, Crypsis, Cryptochloa, Ctenium, Ctenopsis, Cutandia, Cyathopus, Cyclostachya, Cymbopogon, Cymbosetaria, Cynodon, Cynosurus, Cyperochloa, Cyphochlaena, Cypholepis, Cyrtococcum

• Dactylis, Dactyloctenium, Daknopholis, Dallwatsonia, Danthonia, Danthoniastrum, Danthonidium, Danthoniopsis, Dasyochloa, Dasypoa, Dasypyrum, Davidsea, Decaryella, Decaryochloa, Dendrocalamus, Dendrochloa, Deschampsia, Desmazeria, Desmostachya, Deyeuxia, Diandrochloa, Diandrolyra, Diandrostachya, Diarrhena, Dichaetaria, Dichanthelium, Dichanthium, Dichelachne, Diectomis, Dielsiochloa, Digastrium, Digitaria, Digitariopsis, Dignathia, Diheteropogon, Dilophotriche, Dimeria, Dimorphochloa, Dimorphostachys, Dinebra, Dinochloa, Diplachne, Diplopogon, Dissanthelium, Dissochondrus, Distichlis, Drake-Brockmania, Dregeochloa, Dryopoa, Dupontia, Duthiea, Dybowskia.

• Eatonia, Eccoilopus, Eccoptocarpha, Echinaria, Echinochloa, Echinolaena, Echinopogon, Ectrosia, Ectrosiopsis, Ehrharta, Ekmanochloa, Eleusine, Elionurus, Elymandra, Elymordeum, Elymus, Elyonurus, Elytrigia, Elytrophorus, Elytrostachys, Enneapogon, Enteropogon, Entolasia, Entoplocamia, Epicampes, Eragrostiella, Eragrostis, Eremium, Eremochloa, Eremopoa, Eremopogon, Eremopyrum, Eriachne, Erianthus, Erianthecium, Eriochloa, Eriochrysis, Eriocoma, Erioneuron, Erythranthera, Euchlaena, Euclasta, Eulalia, Eulaliopsis, Eustachys, Euthryptochloa, Exotheca,

• Fargesia, Farrago, Fasciculochloa, Festuca, Festucella, Festucopsis, Fingerhuthia, Fourniera, Froesiochloa.

• Garnotia, Gastridium, Gaudinia, Gaudiniopsis, Germainia, Gerritea, Gigantochloa, Gilgiochloa, Glaziophyton, Glyceria, Glyphochloa, Gouinia, Gouldochloa, Graphephorum, Greslania, Griffithsochloa, Guadua, Guaduella, Gymnachne, Gymnopogon, Gymnostichum, Gynerium.

• Habrochloa, Hackelochloa, Hainardia, Hakonechloa, Halopyrum, Harpachne, Harpochloa, Helictotrichon, Helopus, Helleria, Hemarthria, Hemisorghum, Henrardia, Hesperostipa, Heterachne, Heteranthelium, Heteranthoecia, Heterocarpha, Heteropholis, Heteropogon, Heterosteca, Hickelia, Hierochloë, Hilaria, Hitchcockella, Holcolemma, Holcus, Homolepis, Homopholis, Homozeugos, Hookerochloa, Hordelymus, Hordeum, Hubbardia, Hubbardochloa, Humbertochloa, Hyalopoa, Hydrochloa, Hydrothauma, Hygrochloa, Hygroryza, Hylebates, Hymenachne, Hyparrhenia, Hyperthelia, Hypogynium, Hypseochloa, Hystrix.

• Ichnanthus, Imperata, Indopoa, Indosasa, Isachne, Isalus, Ischaemum, Ischnochloa, Ischnurus, Iseilema, Ixophorus

• Jansenella, Jarava, Jardinea, Jouvea, Joycea.

• Kampochloa, Kaokochloa, Karroochloa, Kengia, Kengyilia, Kerriochloa, Koeleria.

• Lagurus, Lamarckia, Lamprothyrsus, Lasiacis, Lasiorhachis, Lasiurus, Lecomtella, Leersia, Lepargochloa, Leptagrostis, Leptaspis, Leptocarydion, Leptochloa, Leptochloöpsis, Leptocoryphium, Leptoloma, Leptosaccharum, Leptothrium, Lepturella, Lepturidium, Lepturopetium, Lepturus, Leucophrys, Leucopoa, Leymus, Libyella, Limnas, Limnodea, Limnopoa, Lindbergella, Linkagrostis, Lintonia, Lithachne, Littledalea, Loliolum, Lolium, Lombardochloa, Lophacme, Lophatherum, Lophochlaena, Lopholepis, Lophochloa, Lophopogon, Lophopyrum, Lorenzochloa, Loudetia, Loudetiopsis, Louisiella, Loxodera, Luziola, Lycochloa Lycurus, Lygeum.

• Maclurolyra, Maillea, Malacurus, Maltebrunia, Manisuris, Megalachne, Megaloprotachne, Megastachya, Melanocenchris, Melica, Melinis, Melocalamus, Melocanna, Merisachne, Merostachys, Mesosetum, Merxmuellera, Metasasa, Metcalfia, Mibora, Micraira, Microbriza, Microcalamus, Microchloa, Microlaena, Micropyropsis, Micropyrum, Microstegium, Mieropyrum, Mildbraediochloa, Milium, Miscanthidium, Miscanthus, Mnesithea, Mniochloa, Molineria, Molinia, Monachather, Monachne, Monanthochloë, Monelytrum, Monium, Monocladus, Monocymbium, Monodia, Monostachya, Mosdenia, Muhlenbergia, Munroa, Myriocladus, Myriostachya.

• Narduroides, Nardus, Narenga, Nassella, Nastus, Neeragrostis, Neesiochloa, Nematopoa, Neobouteloua, Neohouzeaua, Neostapfia, Neostapfiella, Nephelochloa, Neurachne, Neurolepis, Neyraudia, Notochloë, Notodanthonia.

• Ochlandra, Ochthochloa, Odontelytrum, Odyssea, Olmeca, Olyra, Ophiochloa, Ophiuros, Opizia, Oplismenopsis, Oplismenus, Orcuttia, Oreobambos, Oreochloa, Orinus, Oropetium, Ortachne, Orthoclada, Orthopogon, Otachyrium, Oryza, Oryzidium, Oryzopsis, Otachyrium, Otatea, Ottochloa, Oxychloris, Oxyrhachis, Oxytenanthera.

• Panicularia, Panicum, Pappophorum, Parapholis, Parafestuca, Parahyparrhenia, Paraneurachne, Parapholis, Paratheria, Parectenium, Pariana, Parodiolyra, Pascopyrum, Paspalidium, Paspalum, Pennisetum, Pentameris, Pentapogon, Pentarrhaphis, Pentaschistis, Pereilema, Periballia, Peridictyon, Perotis, Perrierbambus, Perulifera, Petriella, Peyritschia, Phacelurus, Phaenanthoecium, Phaenosperma, Phalaris, Pharus, Pheidochloa, Phippsia, Phleum, Pholiurus, Phragmites, Phyllorhachis, Phyllostachys, Pilgerochloa, Piptatherum, Piptochaetium, Piptophyllum, Piresia, Piresiella, Plagiantha, Plagiosetum, Planichloa, Plectrachne, Pleiadelphia, Pleuraphis, Pleuroplitis, Pleuropogon, Plinthanthesis, Poa, Pobeguinea, Podophorus, Poecilostachys, Pogonachne, Pogonarthria, Pogonatherum, Pogoneura, Pogonochloa, Pogononeura, Pohlidium, Poidium, Polevansia, Pollinia, Polliniopsis, Polypogon, Polytoca, Polytrias, Pommereulla, Porteresia, Potamophila, Pringleochloa, Prionanthium, Prosphytochloa, Psammagrostis, Psammochloa, Psathyrostachys, Pseudanthistiria, Pseudarrhenatherum, Pseudechinolaena, Pseudobromus, Pseudochaetochloa, Pseudocoix, Pseudodanthonia, Pseudodichanthium, Pseudopentameris, Pseudophleum, Pseudopogonatherum, Pseudoraphis, Pseudoroegneria, Pseudosasa, Pseudosorghum, Pseudostachyum, Pseudovossia, Pseudoxytenanthera, Pseudozoysia, Psilathera, Psilolemma, Psilurus, Pterochloris, Ptilagrostis, Puccinellia, Puelia, Pyrrhanthera.

• Racemobambos, Raddia, Raddiella, Ramosia, Ratzeburgia, Redfieldia, Reederochloa, Rehia, Reimaria, Reimarochloa, Reitzia, Relchela, Rendlia, Reynaudia, Rhabdochloa, Rhipidocladum, Rhizocephalus, Rhomboelytrum, Rhombolytrum, Rhynchelytrum, Rhynchoryza, Rhytachne, Richardsiella, Robynsiochloa, Rottboellia, Rytidosperma.

• Saccharum, Sacciolepis, Sartidia, Sasa, Saugetia, Savastana, Schaffnera, Schaffnerella, Schedonnardus, Schenckochloa, Schismus, Schizachne, Schizachyrium, Schizostachyum, Schmidtia, Schoenefeldia, Sclerachne, Sclerochloa, Sclerodactylon, Scleropoa, Scleropogon, Sclerostachya, Scolochloa, Scribneria, Scrotochloa, Scutachne, Secale, Sehima, Senites, Semiarundinaria, Sericura, Serrafalcus, Sesleria, Sesleriella, Setaria, Setariopsis, Shibataea, Sieglingia, Sitanion, Silentvalleya, Simplicia, Sinarundinaria, Sinoarundinaria, Sinobambusa, Sinocalamus, Sinochasea, Sitanion, Smidetia, Snowdenia, Soderstromia, Sohnsia, Solenachne, Sorghastrum, Sorghum, Spartina, Spartochloa, Spathia, Sphaerium, Sphaerobambos, Sphaerocaryum, Spheneria, Sphenopholis, Sphenopus, Spinifex, Spodiopogon, Sporobolus, Steinchisma, Steirachne, Stenotaphrum, Stephanachne, Stereochlaena, Steyermarkochloa, Stiburus, Stilpnophleum, Stipa, Stipagrostis, Stiporyzopsis, Streblochaete, Streptachne, Streptochaeta, Streptogyna, Streptolophus, Streptostachys, Styppeiochloa, Sucrea, Suddia, Swallenia, Swallenochloa, Symplectrodia, Syntherisma

• Taeniatherum, Taeniorhachis, Tarigidia, Tatianyx, Teinostachyum, Tetrachaete, Tetrachne, Tetrapogon, Tetrarrhena, Thamnocalamus, Thaumastochloa, Thelepogon, Thellungia, Themeda, Thinopyrum, Thrasya, Thrasyopsis, Thuarea, Thyridachne, Thyridolepis, Thyrsia, Thyrsostachys, Thysanolaena, Timouria, Torreyochloa, Tovarochloa, Trachypogon, Trachys, Tragus, Trachypogon, Triachyrum, Tribolium, Trichodium, Tricholaena, Trichoneura, Trichopteryx, Tricuspis, Tridens, Trikeraia, Trilobachne, Triniochloa, Triodia, Triplachne, Triplasis, Triplachne, Triplasis, Triplopogon, Tripogon, Tripsacum, Triraphis, Triscenia, Trisetaria, Trisetum, Tristachya, Triticum, Tsvelevia, Tuctoria

• Uniola, Uranthoecium, Urelytrum, Urochlaena, Urochloa, Urochondra.

• Vahlodea, Vaseyochloa, Ventenata, Vetiveria, Vietnamochloa, Vietnamosasa, Viguierella, Vilfa, Vossia, Vulpia, Vulpiella.

• Wangenheimia, Wasatchia, Weingaertneria, Whiteochloa, Wilibalda, Willbleibia, Willkommia, Windsoria, Wirtgenia

• Xerochloa

• Yadakeya, Yakirra, Ystia, Yushania, Yvesia.

• Zea, Zeia, Zenkeria, Zeocriton, Zerna, Zeugites, Zingeria, Zizania, Zizaniopsis, Zonotriche, Zoysia, Zygochloa.

Erreferentziak

Wikimedia Commonsen badira fitxategi gehiago, gai hau dutenak: Poaceae

1. ↑ Angiosperm Phylogeny Group, 21.06.08
2. ↑ Flora del bajío y de regiones adyacentes, fasciculo 137, noviembre de 2005, pág.3
3. ↑ Germplasm Resources Information Network
4. ↑ Intermountain Herbarium de la Utah State University

Bibliografía

• Carlos Romero Zarco (2015) Las gramíneas de la Península Ibérica e Islas Baleares. Claves ilustradas para la determinación de los géneros y catálogo preliminar de las especies. Colección Monografías de Botánica Ibérica, nº 15. 172 páginas en color. Edita: Jolube Consultor Botánico y Editor, Jaca (Huesca). ISBN 978-84-943561-1-7

• Datuak: Q43238
• Multimedia: Poaceae / Q43238
• Espezieak: Poaceae