USAT Liberty

USS Liberty (ID # 3461) Fitting out at the yard of her builder, the Federal Shipbuilding Co., Kearny, New Jersey, circa September 1918. This freighter was in commission from October 1918 to May 1919.
History
United States
Name	USS Liberty
Builder	Federal Shipbuilding Kearny, New Jersey
Yard number	1
Launched	19 June 1918
Commissioned	7 October 1918
Decommissioned	7 May 1919
Fate	Beached, 11 January 1942
General characteristics
Displacement	13,130 tons
Length	411 ft 6 in (125.43 m)
Beam	55 ft (17 m)
Draft	26 ft 6 in (8.08 m)
Speed	11 knots (20 km/h)
Complement	70
Armament	1 × 6" gun, 1 × 3" gun

USAT Liberty was a United States Army cargo ship torpedoed by I-66 in January 1942 and beached on the island of Bali, Indonesia. She had been built as a Design 1037 ship for the United States Shipping Board in World War I and had served in the United States Navy in that war as animal transport USS Liberty (ID-3461). She was also notable as the first ship constructed at Federal Shipbuilding, Kearny, New Jersey. In 1963 a volcanic eruption moved the ship off the beach, and Liberty's wreck is now a popular dive site.

World War I

Liberty was launched on 19 June 1918 by the Federal Shipbuilding Company in Kearny, New Jersey, and acquired by the United States Navy on 7 October 1918 and commissioned the same day. Assigned to the Naval Overseas Transportation Service, Liberty departed the New York Navy Yard on 24 October 1918, arriving at Brest, France, with her cargo of horses on 8 November. Over the next 6 months, Liberty made two additional cruises from New York to France discharging both animal and general cargo at French ports. Loaded with 436 tons of U.S. Army cargo and 2,072 tons of steel rails, Liberty arrived at Newport News, Virginia, on 30 April 1919 from her final cruise. She was decommissioned there on 7 May and was returned to the United States Shipping Board the same day.

Between the wars

On 20 October 1929, Liberty collided with the French tug Dogue at Le Havre, Seine Maritime, France. Dogue sank with the loss of two crew members.^[1]

On 23 November 1933, Liberty collided with the American cargo ship Ohioan in the Ambrose Channel. Ohioan was consequently beached near the West Bank Light.^[2]

World War II

By 1939, Liberty—although owned by the United States Maritime Commission (a successor to the USSB)—was employed by the Southgate-Nelson Corporation of Norfolk, Virginia. Southgate-Nelson was the operator of several packet lines, including the American Hampton Roads Line, the Yankee Line, and the Oriole Lines, but secondary sources do not indicate for which of these services Liberty sailed.^[3] In November 1940, Liberty was one of ten ships taken up by the United States Army for defense service.^{[4][Note 1]}

At the time of the United States' entry into World War II in December 1941, USAT Liberty was in the Pacific. In January 1942, she was en route from Australia to the Philippines with a cargo of railway parts and rubber. On 11 January, Liberty was torpedoed by I-66 about 10 nautical miles (19 km) southwest of the Lombok Strait, near position 08°54′S 115°28′E / 8.900°S 115.467°E / -8.900; 115.467. US destroyer Paul Jones and Dutch destroyer Van Ghent took the damaged ship in tow attempting to reach Celukan bawang harbour at Singaraja, the Dutch port and administrative centre for the Lesser Sunda Islands, on the north coast of Bali. However she was taking too much water and so was beached on the eastern shore of Bali at Tulamben so that the cargo and fittings could be salvaged.

In 1963 the tremors associated with the eruption of Mount Agung caused the vessel to slip off the beach, and she now lies on a sand slope in 25 to 100 feet (7.6 to 30.5 m) of water, providing one of the most popular dive sites off Bali.

The wreck of USAT Liberty is often misidentified as USAT Liberty Glo^{[Note 2]} or identified by the misnomer, USS Liberty. The wreck is sometimes incorrectly referred to as a Liberty ship, through confusion of the ship's name with the class of World War II-built standard design cargo ships.

Dive site

Liberty′s wreck rests about 40 metres (100 ft) from the beach in Tulamben, Bali, Indonesia.^[5] The highest point of the wreck is the stern at a depth of about 5 metres (16 ft)^[6] and the lowest point sits at about 30 metres (100 ft).^[7][8] The wreck is a great display of how nature creates life everywhere^{[citation needed]} and great coral formations can be observed on the wreck's guns.^[9]

It is also just beside a species-rich zone called "Coral Garden" (depth 4-25 m).^[10][11]

Gallery of wreck pictures

• 
  front 6-inch-gun
• 
  loading boom
• 
  partly collapsed hold
• 
  rail profiles heavily covered by corals

Explanatory notes

Citations

General and cited references

• Diving at the USAT Liberty
• Jordan, Roger W. (1999). The World's Merchant Fleets, 1939: The Particulars and Wartime Fates of 6,000 Ships. London: Chatham. p. 383. ISBN 1-86176-023-X.
•  This article incorporates text from the public domain Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships. The entry can be found here.
• Info with photo and map of the Liberty at Tulamben

External links

• Media related to USAT Liberty (ship, 1918) at Wikimedia Commons