Turduli Oppidani
The Turduli Oppidani or Turdulorum Oppida (Latin: "oppidums of the Turduli" or "Strongholds of the Turduli"), were a pre-Roman coastal people in present-day Portugal, related to the Turduli Veteres and akin to the Callaeci-Lusitanians.
Location
They occupied the Portuguese region of Estremadura-Beira Litoral Province (coastal central Portugal), where they held the fortified towns (Oppida) of Aeminium (Coimbra), Conimbriga (Condeixa-a-Velha, near Coimbra), Coniumbriga (possibly Monte Meão), Collipo (São Sebastião do Freixo, Batalha), Eburobrittium (Amoreira, Óbidos),[1] and Ierabriga (Alenquer).
History
An off-shot of the Turduli people, the Turduli Oppidani trekked northwards around the 5th century BC in conjunction with the Celtici[2][3][4] and ended settling the present-day central coastal Portuguese Estremadura-Beira Litoral Province.
The Oppidani seem to have become clients of the Lusitani sometime prior to the mid-3rd Century BC and then of Carthage at the latter part of the century. Their history after the Second Punic War is less clear; is it almost certain that the Oppidani remained under Lusitani overlordship and bore the brunt of the first Roman thrusts into the Iberian northwest. In 138-136 BC Consul Decimus Junius Brutus devastated their lands in retaliation for them helping the Lusitani.[5]
The Oppidani were certainly defeated and technically included in Hispania Ulterior province by the Praetor Publius Licinius Crassus in the wake of his campaign against the Lusitani and Celtici in 93 BC.[6] Again the Turduli Oppidani and the Turduli Veteres suffered the same treatment in 61-60 BC, when they were incorporated into H. Ulterior by the Propraetor Julius Caesar.[7]
Romanization
They were later aggregated by Emperor Augustus into the new Lusitania Province in 27-13 BC.[citation needed]
See also
- Bardili (Turduli)
- Cynetes
- Turduli
- Turduli Veteres
- Calaicians or Gallaeci
- Pre-Roman peoples of the Iberian Peninsula
Notes
- ^ Pliny the Elder, Naturalis Historia, IV, 21.
- ^ Strabo, Geographikon, III, 3, 5.
- ^ Pomponius Mela, De Chorographia, III, 8.
- ^ Pliny the Elder, Naturalis Historia, IV, 112-113.
- ^ Appian, Iberiké, p. 73.
- ^ Plutarch, Marcus Crassus, 14, 1.
- ^ Cassius Dio, Romaïké istoría, pp. 37, 52-55.
References
- Ángel Montenegro et alii, Historia de España 2 - colonizaciones y formación de los pueblos prerromanos (1200-218 a.C), Editorial Gredos, Madrid (1989) ISBN 84-249-1386-8
- Alberto José Lorrio Alvarado, Los Celtíberos, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Murcia (1997) ISBN 84-7908-335-2
- Francisco Burillo Mozota, Los Celtíberos, etnias y estados, Crítica, Barcelona (1998, revised edition 2007) ISBN 84-7423-891-9
- Jorge de Alarcão, O Domínio Romano em Portugal, Publicações Europa-América, Lisboa (1988) ISBN 972-1-02627-1
- Jorge de Alarcão et alii, De Ulisses a Viriato – O primeiro milénio a.C., Museu Nacional de Arqueologia, Instituto Português de Museus, Lisboa (1996) ISBN 972-8137-39-7
- Luis Berrocal-Rangel, Los pueblos célticos del soroeste de la Península Ibérica, Editorial Complutense, Madrid (1992) ISBN 84-7491-447-7
External links
- Detailed map of the Pre-Roman Peoples of Iberia (around 200 BC)
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| Celtiberians | |
|---|---|
| Gallaeci | |
| Other Celtic peoples |
- Germani (Oretania)
The Madeira, Azores, and Canary Islands were not occupied by the Romans. The Madeira and Azores islands were unoccupied until the Portuguese in the 15th century; the Canary islands, the Guanches occupied the territory until the Castilians.
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