Haplogroup A-P305

Human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup

Haplogroup A1
Possible time of origin	161,300 years BP^[1]
Possible place of origin	Africa
Ancestor	A0-T
Descendants	A1a and A1b
Defining mutations	P305

Haplogroup A-P305 also known as A1 is a human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup. Like its parent haplogroup haplogroup A0-T (A-L1085), A1 includes the vast majority of living human males. It emerged in Africa approximately 161,300 years ago. ^[1] By comparison, members of its sole sibling subclade, haplogroup A0 – the only other primary subclade of haplogroup A0-T – are found mostly in Africa.

Basal, undivergent A-P305* is largely restricted to populations native to Africa, though a handful of cases have been reported in Europe and Western Asia. A-P305* is found at its highest rates in Bakola Pygmies (South Cameroon) at 8.3% and Berbers from Tunisia at 1.5%^[2] and in Ghana.^[3] The clade also achieves high frequencies in the Bushmen hunter-gatherer populations of Southern Africa, followed closely by many Nilotic groups in Eastern Africa. However, haplogroup A's oldest sub-clades are exclusively found in Central-Northwest Africa, where it, and consequently Y-chromosomal Adam, is believed to have originated about 140,000 years ago.^[2] The clade has also been observed at notable frequencies in certain populations in Ethiopia, as well as some Pygmy groups in Central Africa.

Footnotes

^ ^a ^b "A1 YTree". www.yfull.com.
^ ^a ^b Cruciani F, Trombetta B, Massaia A, Destro-Bisol G, Sellitto D, Scozzari R (Jun 2011). "A revised root for the human Y chromosomal phylogenetic tree: the origin of patrilineal diversity in Africa". American Journal of Human Genetics. 88 (6): 814–8. doi:10.1016/j.ajhg.2011.05.002. PMC 3113241. PMID 21601174.
^ Scozzari R, Massaia A, D'Atanasio E, et al. (2012). "Molecular dissection of the basal clades in the human Y chromosome phylogenetic tree". PLOS ONE. 7 (11): e49170. Bibcode:2012PLoSO...749170S. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0049170. PMC 3492319. PMID 23145109.

Phylogenetic tree of human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroups ^{[χ 1]}^{[χ 2]}

"Y-chromosomal Adam"

A00

A0-T ^{[χ 3]}

A1 ^{[χ 4]}

A1a

A1b

A1b1

F-Y27277

GHIJK

HIJK

IJK

LT ^{[χ 5]}

K2 ^{[χ 6]}

K2b ^{[χ 7]}

K2c

K2d

K-M2308

K-M2313 ^{[χ 8]}

K2b1 ^{[χ 9]}

P ^{[χ 10]}

K-M2335

S ^{[χ 11]}

M ^{[χ 12]}

NO1

Footnotes

^ Van Oven M, Van Geystelen A, Kayser M, Decorte R, Larmuseau HD (2014). "Seeing the wood for the trees: a minimal reference phylogeny for the human Y chromosome". Human Mutation. 35 (2): 187–91. doi:10.1002/humu.22468. PMID 24166809. S2CID 23291764.
^ International Society of Genetic Genealogy (ISOGG; 2015), Y-DNA Haplogroup Tree 2015. (Access date: 1 February 2015.)
^ Haplogroup A0-T is also known as A-L1085 (and previously as A0'1'2'3'4).
^ Haplogroup A1 is also known as A1'2'3'4.
^ Haplogroup LT (L298/P326) is also known as Haplogroup K1.
^ Between 2002 and 2008, Haplogroup T-M184 was known as "Haplogroup K2". That name has since been re-assigned to K-M526, the sibling of Haplogroup LT.
^ Haplogroup K2b (M1221/P331/PF5911) is also known as Haplogroup MPS.
^ K-M2313*, which as yet has no phylogenetic name, has been documented in two living individuals, who have ethnic ties to India and South East Asia. In addition, K-Y28299, which appears to be a primary branch of K-M2313, has been found in three living individuals from India. See: Poznik op. cit.; YFull YTree v5.08, 2017, "K-M2335", and; PhyloTree, 2017, "Details of the Y-SNP markers included in the minimal Y tree" (Access date of these pages: 9 December 2017)
^ Haplogroup K2b1 (P397/P399) is also known as Haplogroup MS, but has a broader and more complex internal structure.
^ Haplogroup P (P295) is also klnown as K2b2.
^ Haplogroup S, as of 2017, is also known as K2b1a. (Previously the name Haplogroup S was assigned to K2b1a4.)
^ Haplogroup M, as of 2017, is also known as K2b1b. (Previously the name Haplogroup M was assigned to K2b1d.)